Solar energy is a renewable power source that harnesses the sun`s light to generate electricity. It can help us become more energy-independent and secure globally.
Solar power has become more affordable and more accessible as the price of solar panels has fallen over the years. Some states offer financial incentives that make solar energy even more affordable.
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Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics (often shortened to PV) are solar cells that convert sunlight directly into electricity. The photovoltaic effect is the process that gave them their name. Since 1954, they have been used to power computers, watches, and satellites.
A photovoltaic system consists of solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity and a solar inverter that changes the electric current from DC to AC, along with other components. You can find them in small rooftop or building-integrated installations to large, utility-scale power plants of hundreds of megawatts.
Researchers from NREL and other labs around the globe are trying to develop solar photovoltaics which will last for many years. They are also trying to find ways to integrate solar energy into the grid without disrupting the delicate balance between energy demand and supply. These goals are designed to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, and mitigate climate change.
Solar Thermal
Solar thermal energy is a technique that harnesses the sun`s energy to heat water and air for commercial and residential use. This type of renewable energy is distinct from photovoltaics which converts sunlight into electricity.
There are several types of solar thermal technologies, including low temperature (flat plate) collectors for swimming pools and boiler water preheating and medium and high-temperature collectors that concentrate sunlight using mirrors or lenses for electric power generation.
Concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) technology uses thousands of mirrors to focus the sun`s rays on a heat receiver. The heat is then converted to steam, which drives standard turbines to produce electricity.
Solar thermal power plants have a unique capability to store the generated heat during the day, which can help them produce electricity when there is insufficient sunlight. This is a key factor in making solar thermal an essential part of a carbon-neutral energy system.
Solar Water Heating
Solar water heating systems use the sun`s energy to heat potable water, reducing fuel costs and pollution. These systems can provide hot water for up to 80% of buildings with minimal maintenance and operation costs.
A solar water heater can reduce fossil fuel usage by up to 50% compared to a conventional gas or electric water heater. It also cuts down on greenhouse gas emissions, which can cause a variety of problems for the environment, such as acid rain and air pollution.
When designed correctly, solar water heating systems can be economically cost-effective. Optimizing the tilt of the collector can maximize summer solar gains and minimize winter losses.
Solar Electricity
Solar energy is a type of renewable and green power that comes from the Sun. You can use it for everything from electricity generation to water treatment.
There are three main ways to harness the sun`s energy for use in our daily lives: Photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal, and concentrated solar power (CSP). PV uses solar panels on rooftops or ground-mounted arrays that turn sunlight into electricity directly.
Concentrated solar power uses mirrors and lenses to reflect sunlight and concentrate it into a very small beam. This heat can then be used to make steam, which turns a turbine and powers an electricity generator.
A solar electric system can be a great way to power your home, especially when it is combined with a backup battery system for non-daylight hours. You can also save money on your power bills.